LAB PART 2

LAB

Assalamualaikum everyone.
I want to share about lab about thermofluids that have been do at 17March2019.  

The lab is:
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

Objective for this lab is to define properties of fluids.

Fluids properties are intimately related to fluid behavior. It is obvious that different fluid can have grossly different characteristic. For example, gasses are light and compressible, whereas liquid are heavy and relatively incompressible.

To quantify the fluid behaviour deferences, certain fluid properties are used. The fluid properties are mass density, specific weight, specific gravity and specific volume.


Mass density, ρ is defined as the mass per unit per volume.(SI units, kg/m^3)

Specific weight, ω is defined as the weight per unit volume(SI units,N/M^30

(where g=9.81m/s^2)

Specific gravity or relative density, s is the ratio of the weight of the substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at 4 celcius

Specific volume, v is defined as the reciprocal of mass density. It is used to mean volume per unit mass.(SI unit, m^3/kg)

Apparatus

Digital weight scale

beaker

we used 4 diferrent type of fluids

2t oil

4t oil

sunlight

cooking oil

Experimental procedure

1. Measure weight of the empty container.write down the weight
2. pour 200ml fluids 1 to the container. write down the weight
3. repeat step from the start with 75ml, and 100ml of fluid 1 volume
4. repeat the step again with fluid 2.

Written by :MUHAMMAD DENIAL BIN ANANG SYAFRIZAL ANWAR

(13DEM18F1027)

CHAPTER 4 -1st LAW OF THERMODYNAMIC

chapter 4 :1st Law of The Thermodynamics 

March 18, 2019

1st Law of Thermodynamic

Hi and Assalamualaikum everyone!

I want to share with u guys some knowledge that I had learnt,so let start's!

The first thermodynamic law is the formulation of  a more general law of physics (the law of conservation of energy) for thermodynamic processes. The first law of thermodynamics is simply a statement of conservation of energy principle and it asserts that total energy is a thermodynamic property.  Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change forms.This principle is based on experimental observations and is known as the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Steady flow process:            ➤ potential  

(Bernoulli'Theorem)                 ➤ kinetic

                                                ➤ internal energy 

                                                ➤ displacement

                                                ➤ heat

                                                ➤ work

Application:                           ➤ boiler

                                                ➤ condenser 

                                                ➤ turbine 

                                                ➤ nozzle

                                                ➤ throttling

                                                ➤ pump

Work(W) and Heat Transfer(Q)

∑W=∑Q

↓

W1+W2=Q1+Q2

➣ When work in,means the value of work is negative(-) and when work out,its value is

     positive(+).

➣ When heat transfer(Q) in,means the value of Q is positive(+) and when Q out,its
       value is negative(-).

Internal energy,U

ΔU=ΔQ-ΔW

Non-flow process:-

1.Isothermal,(T constant)

2.Isometric,(V constant)

3.Isobaric,(P constant)

4.Polytropic,(PVn constant)

5.Adiabatric,(Q=0)

Entalphy,H

H=U+PV

U=internal energy

P=pressure

V=volume

Formula for the continuity equation:-

Steady Flow Energy Equation

So that'all i can share with u guys,hope u're understand :))

DITULIS OLEH:NUR HAZWANI ATIRAH BT ZULKAWI (13DEM18F1036)

DROP OF PURE SUBSTANCE

Hello guys, enjoy your day with my blogger...HUHU☺♡

ISOMETRIC, ISOBARIC, POLYTROPIC AND ADABARIC PROCESS

ISOMETRIC PROCESS 

-An isochoric process, also called a constant-volume process, an isovolumetric process, or an isometric process, is a thermodynamic process during which the volume of the closed system undergoing such a process remains constant. An isochoric process is exemplified by the heating or the cooling of the contents of a sealed, inelastic container: The thermodynamic process is the addition or removal of heat; the isolation of the contents of the container establishes the closed system; and the inability of the container to deform imposes the constant-volume condition. The isochoric process here should be a quasi-static process.

ISOBARIC PROCESS 

-An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process in which the pressure remains constant. This is usually obtained by allowing the volume to expand or contract in such a way to neutralize any pressure changes that would be caused by heat transfer.

The term isobaric comes from Greek iso, meaning equal, and baros, meaning weight.

POLYTEOPIC PROCESS 

-An ideal isothermal process must occur very slowly to keep the gas temperature constant. An ideal adiabatic process must occur very rapidly without any flow of energy in or out of the system. In practice most expansion and compression processes are somewhere in between, or said to be polytropic.

ADABATIC PROCESS

-An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is gained or lost by the system. The first law of thermodynamics with Q=0 shows that all the change in internal energy is in the form of work done. This puts a constraint on the heat engine process leading to the adiabatic conditionshown below. This condition can be used to derive the expression for the work done during an adiabatic process.

(VIDEO FOR THIS TOPIC)

 part 1: Work and isobaric processes 

part 2: Isothermal, isometric, adiabatic processes

MUHAMMAD NURAMMAR BIN AZAMEE

(13DEM18F1025)

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE (ISOTHERMAL) PROCESS PART 2

Assalamualaikum and Hi !
Welcome to Sasa Blog.Hope you guys will gain benefits from the information that have given from us. InsyaAllah, amin ♥️

Okay ayuh sambung sasa punye blog

Next,
 Work transfer:
Referring to the process represented on the p - V diagram above it is noted that the volume increases during the process. In other words the fluid is expanding. The expansion work is given by

Note that during expansion, the volume increases and the pressure decreases. On the p - V diagram, the shaded area under the process line represents the amount of work transfer.

Since this is an expansion process (i.e. increasing volume), the work is done by the system. In orther words the system produces work output and this is shown by the direction of the arrow representing, W.

Heat transfer:

Energy balance to this case is applied:

Thus, for a perfect gas, all the heat added during a constant temperature process is converted into work and the internal energy of the system remains constant.

Okay now here an example for you guys, 

Solution,

Ohh lupa nak bagi table hehe

OKAY GUYS THAT’S ALL FOR TODAY. Thank you 🌺

Done by: AISYAH 13DEM18F1040

May allah ease everything, Amin 🤲🏻

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE (ISOTHERMAL) PROCESS

Assalamualaikum and Hi !
Welcome to Sasa’s Blog 🌸 I hope  you guys will gain benefits from the information that have given from me. InsyaAllah, amin ♥️

1) CONSTANT TEMPERATURE (Isothermal) PROCESS (pV = C)
 If the change in temperature during a process is very small then that process may be approximated (similar) as an isothermal process. For example, the slow expansion or compression of fluid in a cylinder, which perfectly cooled by water may be analysed, assuming that the temperature remains constant.

The general relation properties between the initial and final states of a perfect gas are applied as 

follows:

If the temperature remains constant during the process, T1=T2 and the above relation becomes 

From the equation we can know that an increase in the volume results in a decrease in the pressure. In other words, in an isothermal process, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume. 

*Alright !! Before you guys get through deep let me tell you something, at the end of this blog there a picture of formula okay ! So tak ada lah poning kepala eh den nak tercari cari formula HEHE ✨

*SAMBUNGAN SILA TENGOK AISYAH’s BLOG OKEH 💋

OKAY GUYS THAT’S ALL FOR TODAY. Thank you 🌺

Done by: SASA, 13DEM18F1043 🤟🏻

May allah ease everything, Amin 🤲🏻